Who is credited with innovative city design principles during the 5th century BCE?

Hippodamus is credited with innovative city design principles during the 5th century BCE, primarily known for his development of the grid plan for cities. His approach introduced the concept of organized urban planning, where streets intersected at right angles, facilitating more efficient movement and better organization of civic and residential spaces. This method was revolutionary at the time and laid the groundwork for future urban planning practices.

Hippodamus was also associated with the idea of zoning, suggesting that different areas of a city should be designated for specific functions, such as public spaces, residential areas, and commercial zones. His principles had a profound influence on how cities were conceptualized and developed in the ancient world and beyond, marking a significant step towards modern urban design.

In contrast, Iktinos, renowned for his architectural contributions, particularly to the Parthenon, focused more on structures rather than city planning. Phidias, also connected to the Parthenon, was known for his sculptural work rather than urban design. Vitrivius, who lived much later in the 1st century BCE, wrote about architecture and city planning but was not a pioneer in these concepts during the 5th century BCE as Hippodamus was.