What architectural feature functions to prevent water damage in Greek buildings?

The correct answer is lionhead waterspouts, which are architectural features used in Greek buildings primarily for the effective management of rainwater. These waterspouts typically take the form of lion heads that direct water away from the structure, preventing water accumulation on roofs and minimizing the risk of leaks or water damage to the building fabric. The design not only serves a practical purpose but also adds an aesthetic element, as the lion's head symbolizes strength and protection.

In contrast, while a pediment is an essential structural and decorative element found in classical architecture, serving as the triangular upper part of a building, it does not play a role in preventing water damage. Similarly, a frieze is a horizontal band that often contains decorative reliefs but does not contribute to water drainage. A portico, which is a roofed entrance supported by columns, enhances the façade and provides shelter but lacks functionality in managing water runoff. Thus, lionhead waterspouts stand out as the specific feature that addresses water management in Greek architecture.