What describes a cross vault?

A cross vault is defined as a vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults. This architectural feature is significant in the context of both Roman and Gothic architecture, where the arrangement allows for a complex spatial configuration, often seen in larger ecclesiastical buildings and cathedrals.

The design of the cross vault not only enhances the structural integrity by distributing weight more evenly but also allows for greater height and the inclusion of windows, which can illuminate the interior space. This method of construction represents a sophisticated advancement in vaulting techniques, showcasing the skill and innovation of architects during these periods.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the characteristics of a cross vault—referring to flat roofs, peaked roofs, or solid stone ceilings does not capture the essence of the intersecting arches that define a cross vault. Understanding this distinction is crucial for appreciating the evolution of architectural forms and their functionalities throughout history.