An orthogonal plan is characterized by a strict grid layout, where streets and avenues intersect at right angles, creating a uniform and organized framework for urban planning. This type of planning often leads to a clear division of zones and spaces, making it efficient for navigation and land use. The grid system allows for easy expansion and adaptability, which has been favored in various historical contexts, particularly in colonial and modern urban development.
In contrast to the orthogonal plan, an organic plan is more free-form and develops according to the natural contours of the landscape, often resulting in irregular street patterns. A radial plan organizes streets emanating from a central point, which can create a focal area but does not adhere to a strict grid structure. Curvilinear plans prioritize flowing, curved lines that mimic the natural environment, diverging from the rigid straight lines of an orthogonal grid. This understanding of urban planning principles highlights the distinctiveness and functionality of an orthogonal plan.