What type of vaults can be found in the Markets of Trajan?

The Markets of Trajan, constructed in the early 2nd century AD, are a remarkable example of Roman architecture known for their complex structure and innovative use of vaulting techniques. Barrel and cross vaults are the primary types of vaults found in this development, showcasing the Roman mastery of engineering and spatial organization.

Barrel vaults are created by extending a single curve, or pair of parallel curves, along a given distance, resulting in a tunnel-like structure. These vaults provide substantial stability and can cover wide spaces without the need for numerous supports. Cross vaults, on the other hand, are formed when two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, creating a more complex ceiling structure and allowing for the division of space into smaller, more usable areas.

The application of barrel and cross vaults in the Markets of Trajan allows for grand halls and corridors that emphasize the market's grandeur and functionality. This architectural choice reflects a significant advancement in Roman engineering, as the Romans sought to create dynamic public spaces that could accommodate a variety of activities, such as commerce and social gatherings.

In contrast, the other types of vaults listed do not align with the architectural characteristics of the Markets of Trajan. For example, domes, while a hallmark of