Which term describes the decorative elements at the top of columns?

The term that describes the decorative elements at the top of columns is capitals. Capitals serve a crucial architectural function as they provide a transition from the column shaft to the horizontal structure above, such as an entablature. They are often richly decorated and can take on various forms depending on the architectural order, such as Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian, which are characterized by specific styles and embellishments.

In architectural history, capitals are significant because they are not only structural but also aesthetic features that contribute to the overall design and character of a building. They can express cultural values and artistic movements through their designs.

Pedestals, on the other hand, refer to the base or support on which a column stands rather than the top. Friezes are horizontal bands that often contain decorative motifs, typically located above the capitals and below the roofline, while plinths are the square or rectangular bases that rest beneath a column or pedestal. Understanding these distinctions helps to clarify the specific role of capitals in the context of classical architecture.